Human Relations Management

Mary Parker Follett
Mary Parker Follett is known today as the “mother of scientific management." Her many contributions to modern management include the ideas of negotiation, conflict resolution, and power sharing.

Frederick W. Taylor
Frederick Taylor is known today as the "father of scientific management." One of his many contributions to modern management is the common practice of giving employees rest breaks throughout the day.

Taylor’s Four Management Principles

1. Develop a science for each element of a man’s work, which replaces the old rule-of-thumb method.
2. Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the workman.
3. Cooperate with the men to insure all work is done in accordance with the principles of the science.
4. There is almost equal division of the work and the responsibility between management and workmen.

Frank & Lillian Gilbreth
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were prolific researchers and often used their family as guinea pigs. Their work is the subject of Cheaper by the Dozen, written by their son and daughter.

Motion Studies: Frank & Lillian Gilbreth
Time Study
Timing how long it takes good workers to complete each part of their jobs.

Motion Study
Breaking each task into its separate
motions and then eliminating those that are unnecessary or repetitive.

General Administrative Theorists
Henri Fayol

• Believed that the practice of management was distinct from other organizational functions
• Developed fourteen principles of management that applied to all organizational situations.

Bureaucratic Management
Bureaucracy
The exercise of control on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience.

The Aim of Bureaucracy
1. Qualification-based hiring
2. Merit-based promotion
3. Chain of command
4. Division of labor
5. Impartial application of rules and procedures
6. Recorded in writing
7. Managers separate from owners.

Administrative Management:
Henri Fayol
1. Division of work
2. Authority and responsibility
3. Discipline
4. Unity of command
5. Unity of direction
6. Subordination of individual interests
7. Remuneration
8. Centralization
9. Scalar chain
10. Order
11. Equity
12. Stability of tenure of personnel
13. Initiative
14. Esprit de corps.

Operations Management Tools

1. Quality control
2. Forecasting techniques
3. Capacity planning
4. Productivity measurement and improvement
5. Linear programming
6. Scheduling systems
7. Inventory systems
8. Work measurement techniques
9. Project management
10. Cost-benefit analysis.

Information Management
Milestones in information management:
1400s Horses in Italy
1500-1700 Creation of paper and the printing press
1850 Manual typewriter
1860s Vertical file cabinets and the telegraph
1879 Cash registers
1880s Telephone
1890s Time clocks
1980s Personal computer
1990s Internet .

Systems management

• System is a set of interrelated elements or parts that function as a whole
• Closed systems can sustain themselves without interacting with their environments
• Open systems sustain themselves by interacting with their environments.

Contingency Management
Contingency Approach
Holds that the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of
problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place.

Contingency Management

• Management is harder than it looks
• Managers need to look for key contingencies that differentiate today’s situation from yesterday’s situation
• Managers need to spend more time analyzing problems before taking action
• Pay attention to qualifying phrases, such as “usually”.

Current Trends and Issues

• Globalization
• Ethics
• Workforce Diversity
• Entrepreneurship
• E-business
• Knowledge Management
• Learning Organizations
• Quality Management.